I2 symbol chemistry. Not for medicinal, household or other use.

I2 symbol chemistry. In its metallic state it was mainly deposited by Nov 28, 2019 · I'm adding this answer as maybe reasoning of why IUPAC proposed putting the charge symbol after the number. In chemistry, the most commonly used unit for molarity is the number of moles Chlorine is a chemical element; it has symbol Cl and atomic number 17. Above 700 °C (1,300 °F), dissociation into iodine atoms becomes appreciable. Jan 2, 2023 · If you rewrite the following word equation as a balanced chemical equation, what will the coefficient and symbol for iodine be? Bromine + Potassium iodide → Potassium bromide + Iodine Chemical elements alphabetically listed The elements of the periodic table sorted by name in an alphabetical list. Iodine is a bluish-black, lustrous solid. We put the charge symbol (+ or -) after the number because charges are entities, not numbers. and more. Aug 12, 2020 · What Is The Chemical Symbol For Iodine? Iodine is represented by the chemical symbol I. Chemical Properties Potassium iodide can be oxidized into an I 2 molecule by introducing an oxidizing agent to it. The Manual of Symbols and Terminology for Physicochemical Quantities and Units [1. One such example is the synthesis of aryl iodides from the diazonium salts of arenes. Iodine is a halogen element with the chemical symbol I and atomic number 53. Iodine has a moderate vapor pressure at room Dec 17, 2014 · Get the alphabetical list of element symbols for all the chemical elements on the periodic table and a free PDF list to download and print. This revision note includes information on reactivity trends. Its antioxidant properties can be expressed quantitatively as a redox potential: 2I − ⇌ I 2 + 2e − E ° = 0. Chemical symbol The periodic table, elements being denoted by their symbols Chemical symbols are the abbreviations used in chemistry, mainly for chemical elements; but also for functional groups, chemical compounds, and other entities. I2 is an important element in the context of the topics covered in section 18. a], to which this is a direct successor, was first prepared for publication on behalf of the Physical Chemistry Division of IUPAC by M. sodium chloride, nacl, nitrate, limestone Valence electronic structures can be visualized by drawing Lewis symbols (for atoms and monatomic ions) and Lewis structures (for molecules and polyatomic ions). 2KI + Cl2 → 2 KCl + I2 This compound is used as an iodide source in several organic synthesis reactions. Conclusion We use various types of chemical symbols in chemistry. 022 140 76 × 1023 elementary entities (approximately 602 sextillion or 602 billion times a trillion), which can be atoms, molecules, ions, ion There are two equations concerning light that are usually taught in high school. Please also check out our text symbols chrome extension to help users easily copy and paste text symbols, which runs offline. Mar 19, 2020 · The missing chemical symbols in the equation 2KI → 2 + 2 are K for potassium and I2 for iodine. It forms compounds with most elements, but is less reactive than the other halogens, which displace it from iodides. However, we must first understand how to properly do representation of chemical reactions before we can evaluate these equations to see these changes. For example, it's found in seaweeds as sodium iodide (NaI) and in caliche, or Chile saltpetre, as sodium iodate (NaIO₃). These natural Iodine crystals. It volatilises at ambient temperatures into a pretty blue-violet gas with an irritating odour. [15] IUPAC recommends in the 3rd edition of Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry a symbol which seems to be a degree sign (°) as a substitute for the plimsoll mark. It is a solid at room temperature and has a characteristic purple-black color and distinctive odor. Iodine as an element is a halogen. For simplicity, we’ve deliberately omitted their Latin names. Twitter emoticons . The typical atomic mass of Iodine is around 126. Subscripts and superscripts can be added to an element’s symbol to specify a particular isotope of the element and provide other important information. Oct 20, 2009 · Chemical waste generators must determine whether a discarded chemical is classified as a hazardous waste. The diagram provides insights into the nature of the chemical bonding and the properties of the molecule. Aug 9, 2025 · Iodine, chemical element, a member of the halogen elements, or Group 17 (Group VIIa) of the periodic table. It is an extremely reactive element and a strong oxidising agent: among the elements, it has the highest electron Triangle Symbol Triangle symbol ( ∆ ) is a geometric shape. This table explains the meaning of every Letter l symbol. 80894 IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/I2/c1-2 Copy Discovered by Courtois in 1811, Iodine, a halogen, occurs sparingly in the form of iodides in sea water from which it is assimilated by seaweeds, Chilean saltpeter, nitrate-bearing earth (known as caliche), brines from old sea deposits, and in brackish waters from oil and salt wells. That is what I will do in the following. In this chapter, we will learn the meaning of the symbols used in chemistry to represent elements and compounds, and the information these symbols convey microscopically and macroscopically. Iodine Formula: I 2 Molecular weight: 253. Symbols representing physical quantities, units, mathematical operations and relationships, astronomical bodies, constellations, and the Greek alphabet. Copy and paste anywhere without all that tedious mucking about with reformatting superscripts or subscripts. If we see Mg2 in an expression or formula, we know that there are 2 atoms of magnesium in the expression or formula. Placing the number before the symbol helps to keep the idea that charges (more specifically Identify names and symbols of common chemical elements. It is a key element in the context of the addition of halogens to alkenes, as well as the formation of halohydrins from alkenes. 80894 IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/I2/c1-2 Copy Iodine is a naturally occurring element found in sea water and in certain rocks and sediments. Apr 13, 2024 · Chemical Symbols of 118 Elements With the above guide in mind, here are the names and chemical symbols of all 118 elements according to their atomic numbers. The solid will undergo sublimation and cha O-Level Chemistry: Determination of Ionic Equation & Spectator Ions During the O Level Chemistry’s Mole Calculation Mastery Workshop over the last weekend, i noticed that many students do not know how to obtain an Ionic Equations when given a question that has information based on word equation. Iodine has fifty-three protons and seventy-four neutrons in its nucleus, and fifty-three electrons in five shells. Copy and paste Delta symbols (Δ δ). See full list on chemistrylearner. Chlorine is a yellow-green gas at room temperature. I2 Iodine. This represents the decomposition of potassium iodide into its constituent elements. Iron is a chemical element; it has symbol Fe (from Latin ferrum 'iron') and atomic number 26. The unicode characters generated can be used in any messaging app or word processor Chemical Symbol A chemical symbol is a one- or two-letter designation of an element. Nuclear Notation At the time of development in the nineteenth century, the superscript Plimsoll symbol (⦵) was adopted to indicate the non-zero nature of the standard state. Lone pairs, unpaired electrons, and … Hydrogen (pronounced as Hi-dreh-jen) is a colorless gas represented by the chemical symbol H. Twitter emoji . McGlashan in 1969, when he was chairman of the Commission on Physicochemical Symbols, Terminology and Units (I. There are many symbols for elements, equations and molecular structures. Molecule with iodine atoms. Denoted by the chemical symbol I, it undergoes sublimation when heated to form a purple gaseous vapor, sometimes called as Iodine gas whose molecular formula is I 2. . But its physical appearance is very different. In this section you will explore why elements are named the way they are and also the importance of symbols of these elements and how they are used in the periodic table. It has an atomic weight of 126. It tends to accept an electron and exists as a negatively charged ion. Iodine is a chemical element of the periodic table. Valence electronic structures can be visualized by drawing Lewis symbols (for atoms and monatomic ions) and Lewis structures (for molecules and polyatomic ions). Get examples of writing the symbols of different isotopes and finding the number of protons or neutrons. Elemental iodine hence forms diatomic molecules with chemical formula I 2, where two iodine atoms share a pair of electrons in order to each achieve a stable octet for themselves; at high temperatures, these diatomic molecules reversibly dissociate a pair of iodine atoms. g. The second-lightest of the halogens, it appears between fluorine and bromine in the periodic table and its properties are mostly intermediate between them. Facebook emoji ヽ(•‿•)ノ ♬ ☁ ☂ Elemental Names and Symbols Each element has a name. It is a metal that belongs to the first transition series and group 8 of the periodic table. The molecular lattice contains discrete diatomic molecules, which are also present in the molten and the gaseous states. It is the fourth most abundant element in the Earth's crust. Interactive periodic table showing names, electrons, and oxidation states. These representations can be there in any form, it can be in sign form, a mark form, or a word form. Uses advised against: none Company Identification Company: Chemicalbook Address: Building 1, Huihuang Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. Fully descriptive writeups. May 3, 2025 · Product identifier Product name: Iodine CBnumber: CB7139020 CAS: 7553-56-2 EINECS Number: 231-442-4 Synonyms: i2,IODIDE Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Relevant identified uses: For R&D use only. 90447 and a mass number of 127. EdrawMax Online gives you a wide range of safety and chemical symbols that you can use in your presentation and science diagram. Copy and paste subscript symbol like subscript 1 ( ₁ ), subscript 2 ( ₂ ), subscript 3 ( ₃ ) and subscript 4 ( ₄ ) character in just single click. Although iodine isn't naturally found in its free state, it is present in various compounds. Balance the reaction of H2 + I2 = HI using this chemical equation balancer! Elemental iodine hence forms diatomic molecules with chemical formula I 2, where two iodine atoms share a pair of electrons in order to each achieve a stable octet for themselves; at high temperatures, these diatomic molecules reversibly dissociate a pair of iodine atoms. It is the least reactive and most electropositive halogen, even though it can form compounds with many elements. Apr 29, 2025 · (1) I2+H2S=S+2HI (2) I2+2S2O32-＝S4O62-+2I- The latter reaction can be used to quantify iodine in analytical chemistry, which is the basis of the iodometric method. However, some of the elements Aug 9, 2025 · Iodine - Element, Halogen, Gas: Iodine is a nonmetallic, nearly black solid at room temperature and has a glittering crystalline appearance. The periodic table is a chart that shows how chemical elements are related to each other. Ideal for those interested in scientific notation and precision measurements. Related Topics Elemental iodine hence forms diatomic molecules with chemical formula I 2, where two iodine atoms share a pair of electrons in order to each achieve a stable octet for themselves; at high temperatures, these diatomic molecules reversibly dissociate a pair of iodine atoms. Find information on their properties, reactivity & equations for different reactions. I2, or diatomic iodine, is a chemical compound that is a member of the halogen group of elements. The chemical formula for iodide is I–. To learn more about how elements are classified in the periodic table, visit BYJU’S. The chemical formula for iodine is I2, which indicates that it is composed of two iodine atoms. Dark violet nonmetallic element, belongs Balance and calculate the reducing and oxidizing agents in a redox (oxidation-reduction) reaction. com Element Iodine (I), Group 17, Atomic Number 53, p-block, Mass 126. Iodine sublimation. It is a common element in the universe, estimated at seventh in total abundance in the Milky Way and the Solar System. Iodine What's the Difference? Iodide and iodine are both forms of the chemical element iodine, but they differ in their chemical composition and properties. One mole is an aggregate of exactly 6. Just click on the symbol to get more information such as Letter l symbol unicode, download Letter l emoji as a png image at different sizes, or copy Letter l symbol to clipboard then paste into The I2 molecular orbital diagram represents the bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals formed when two iodine atoms combine to form a diatomic molecule. Copy and Paste Letter L Symbols Letter L symbols are copy and paste text symbols that can be used in any desktop, web, or mobile applications. Molar concentration (also called amount-of-substance concentration or molarity) is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. It is, by mass, the most common element on Earth, forming much of Earth's outer and inner core. The first ionization energy is expressed by the symbol I1, and the I2 symbol stands for second ionization energy. Chemical waste generators must also consult local, regional, and national hazardous waste regulations to ensure complete and accurate classification. Look up chemical element names, symbols, atomic masses and other properties, visualize trends, or even test your elements knowledge by playing a periodic table game! I2, or diatomic iodine, is a chemical compound consisting of two iodine atoms bonded together. Feb 7, 2019 · The list of 118 Elements and their symbols and atomic numbers will prove useful to beginners in chemistry. Using the correct symbols is the only way to illustrate anything related to chemistry like atoms, molecules and reactions. Typically, both are taught without any derivation as to why they are the way they are. '' Iodine's atomic number is 53. Iodide is often used in medicine, particularly Jan 3, 2025 · Learn about halogen displacement reactions for your A-level chemistry exam. The majority of elements have symbols that are based on their English names. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any 20 hours ago · 🔥😱 WHY IS THE GOLD SYMBOL AU? PLEASE COMMENT YOUR ANSWER || CHEMISTRY || GOLD || MODERN CHEMISTRY | Jul 3, 2019 · Get periodic table facts on the chemical and physical properties of the element iodine. 11 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Halogens. The first letter of a symbol is always capitalized. Elemental iodine hence forms diatomic molecules with chemical formula I 2, where two iodine atoms share a pair of electrons in order to each achieve a stable octet for themselves; at high temperatures, these diatomic molecules reversibly dissociate a pair of iodine atoms. Symbol for the chemical element iodine with atomic data (atomic number, mass and electron configuration) and kitchen iodized salt in the background. Nov 21, 2023 · The chemical symbol for an element is used when writing the chemical formula for a molecule, or when writing a chemical equation because it is shorter and easier. Iodine is the 53rd element in the periodic table and has a symbol of I and atomic number of 53. It is commonly found in compounds such as potassium iodide or sodium iodide. Mar 4, 2019 · The Greek Alphabet is used extensively in science and chemistry to represent variables and symbols. Free Unicode symbols reference. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like If you rewrite the following word equation as a balanced chemical equation, what will the coefficient and symbol for iodine be? bromine + potassium iodide --> potassium bromide + iodine, What does the symbol Δ in a chemical equation mean?, Chemical reactions______. Click on a subscript text sign ( ₉ ) to copy it to the clipboard & use it anywhere you want. The International System of Units (SI) is system of units of measurements that is widely used all over the world. Interactive periodic table with up-to-date element property data collected from authoritative sources. In aqueous solution, chlorine could oxidize iodine to iodic acid; in alkaline solutions, excess chlorine could oxidize iodine to periodic acid. Discover its applications in various fields such as science, engineering, and technology. It Learning Objectives Identify names and symbols of common chemical elements. There are non radioactive and radioactive forms of iodine. Learn about the Delta symbol's meaning, how to type it, and explore the complete Greek alphabet. Everything CCEA students need to know about what symbols, formulae and equations are used for in GCSE Chemistry. Bernard Courtois's discovery in 1811 was an important milestone in chemistry. Click on an element symbol to get detailed facts about the element. Iodide vs. Facebook symbols . You can edit your text in the box and then copy it to your document, e-mail message, etc. Iodine is usually found in a solid or as a purple gas. Visualize trends, 3D orbitals, isotopes, and mix compounds. Nitrogen is a nonmetal and the lightest member of group 15 of the periodic table, often called the pnictogens. Sources, facts, uses, scarcity (SRI), podcasts, alchemical symbols, videos and images. Visually tracking physical changes and chemical reactions can be done well with chemical reaction equations. This element, though discovered by Bernard Courtois, was named by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac as iode or iodis, derived from a Greek word (ἰώδης) meaning violet-coloured. This page highlights how chess players use specialized symbols for game documentation, similar to how chemists use chemical symbols for elements and compounds. Learning Objectives Identify names and symbols of common chemical elements. Here we have an inexhaustive list of commonly used mathematical terms and symbols that appear commonly in all sciences – especially physical and inorganic chemistry, spectroscopy and analytical chemistry 4. Click on the table on the right to go to the section on the periodic table. 904. Iodine is used as a disinfectant for cleaning surfaces and storage containers and is used in skin soaps and bandages, and for purifying water. The molecular orbital (MO) diagram of I2, or iodine, depicts the distribution of molecular orbitals and helps in understanding the bonding and properties of the molecule. A crystalline metalloid, iodine (pronounced EYE-eh-dine) belongs to the family of halogens. At standard temperature and pressure, two atoms of the element bond to form N 2, a colourless and What is Iodide? Iodide is an anion with a valency of -1. IUPAC name – Iodide May 22, 2023 · The symbolic representation of a chemical reaction is a chemical equation. As described in the previous section, an element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler chemical substances. Online chemistry keyboard Quickly and easily write symbols, formulas, and equations correctly formatted with superscripts and subscripts. Chemical symbols, typically made up of … Jul 19, 2022 · Learn about nuclear symbol notation. It can exist in different oxidation states, bond with numerous elements, and serve as both a reducing and oxidizing agent depending on the reaction at hand. Jul 29, 2024 · Our comprehensive list of element abbreviations features the symbols for chemical elements, and will enhance your understanding of the periodic table. Click on any element's name for further chemical properties, environmental data or health effects. This table lists all twenty-four Greek letters. Some of these names date from antiquity, while others are quite new. our website help you easily copy and paste subscript text symbols and signs. Sep 19, 2022 · A chemical symbol is the representation of the element. It occurs naturally as a diatomic molecule, with two iodine atoms bonded together by a covalent bond. It represents, symbolizes, or is understood. Consider it a supplement to the @fred-senese's answer of 'cause IUPAC says so, and the linked article. It is the first element in the periodic table, belonging to the family of nonmetals [1]. Represent a chemical compound with a chemical formula. Symbols, Terminology and Constants in Science and Mathematics Science and Mathematics uses a large range of units, symbols and terms, and initially it can seem like a foreign language. Jun 19, 2021 · Elements names and symbols are used to identify the different elements of the periodic table. Not for medicinal, household or other use. Chemical symbols, typically made up of … Jul 30, 2025 · CK-12 Chemistry for High School FlexBook® covers core chemistry concepts and includes SIMs, PLIX, real world examples, and videos. This modern form of the Metric system is based around the number 10 for … 2. Using technology, scientists have been able to create nearly 30 additional elements that do Jun 3, 2019 · This is the definition of a chemical symbol in chemistry, along with examples of different types of chemical symbols. Iodine (chemical symbol I2) is a non-metallic element of the halogen group, which also includes chlorine and fluorine. But element number 53 isn’t the only element whose name has Ancient Greek origin. 54 volts (versus SHE) Because iodide is easily oxidized, some enzymes readily convert it into electrophilic iodinating agents, as required for This module uses a simple homodiatomic molecule, \ (\ce {I2}\), to demonstrate that molecules have quantized vibrational and electronic states, and that the transitions between electronic and vibrational states can be coupled. The importance of this element extends beyond the laboratory setting, however. The atomic number is written as a subscript on the left of the element symbol, the mass number is written as a superscript on the left of the element symbol, and the ionic charge, if any, appears as a superscript on the right side of the Nitrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol N and atomic number 7. Iodine's chemical properties are similar to the lighter halogens above it, fluorine, chlorine, and bromine. 1). A reducing agent is a chemical term for an antioxidant. Some examples of chemical symbols are O for oxygen, Zn for zinc, and Fe for iron. The mole (symbol mol) is a unit of measurement, the base unit in the International System of Units (SI) for amount of substance, an SI base quantity proportional to the number of elementary entities of a substance. This page offers triangle keyboard text symbol to Search from 81 Symbol For The Chemical Element Iodine stock photos, pictures and royalty-free images from iStock. There are about 90 naturally occurring elements known on Earth. If the symbol contains two letters, the second letter is lower case. Compounds of iodine with oxidation state of -1 are called iodides. The Greek letter μ (mu) is used in statistics to represent the population mean of a distribution. For the first time, get 1 free month of iStock exclusive photos, illustrations, and more. Khan Academy Khan Academy THE CHEMICAL ELEMENTS SORTED BY SYMBOL IN AN ALPHABETICAL ORDER You can click on the column header to sort the table by that column. Facebook emoji ヽ(•‿•)ノ ♬ ☁ ☂ Jun 25, 2024 · How do you type chemistry symbols in Word? With the cursor at the insertion point where you want the symbol to appear, type 21cc, then press ALT and X simultaneously. 3d renderin Chemical experiment showing heating beaker with crystals and smoke. Iodine exhibits some metallic-like properties. , and so on. Chemical Properties of Iodine What is Iodine? Iodine with the symbol ‘I’ is a dark grey or purple blackish nonmetallic element with atomic number 53 in the Periodic Table. L. Do you know the meaning and origin of "powered+by+Wordpress"+"Leave+a+Reply"+computational+chemistry+using? Don't keep it to yourself! Add it HERE May 21, 2024 · Magnesium has the chemical symbol Mg. Twitter symbols . Symbols used in this document: AE Appearance energy EA Electron affinity IE (evaluated) Recommended ionization energy S°liquid,1 bar Entropy of liquid at standard conditions (1 bar) S°solid Entropy of solid at standard conditions S°solid,1 bar Entropy of solid at standard conditions (1 bar) d (ln (kH))/d (1/T) Temperature dependence parameter for Henry's Law constant k°H Henry's Law Iodide salts are mild reducing agents and many react with oxygen to give iodine. The successive ionization energy can also be expressed as I3, I4, I5…. . Lone pairs, unpaired electrons, and … Learn about the micro unit symbol (μ), its use in measurement to denote one-millionth of a unit. This element Nov 15, 2024 · Understand writing ionic equations for GCSE Chemistry. The formula is written using the symbols for the elements and subscripts to indicate the number of atoms present. This list contains the 118 elements of chemistry. Potassium Iodide Structure (KI May 20, 2022 · In this video we'll write the correct formula for Iodine. Therefore, the anion name iodide is used interchangeable with iodine. Symbols used in this document: S°gas,1 bar Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar) ΔfH°gas Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions S° gas,1 bar Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar) Δ f H° gas Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook The National Institute of Standards and The Chemistry Division's Periodic Table describes the history, properties, resources, uses, isotopes, forms, costs, and other information for each element. Iodide refers to the ion form of iodine, which has gained an electron to achieve a stable configuration. Facebook emoticons . *The Atomic Number of an element is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom of that element. [1] Specifically, It is a measure of the concentration of a chemical species, in particular, of a solute in a solution, in terms of amount of substance per unit volume of solution. It is a steel-gray solid that changes into beautiful purple vapors when heated. While the triangle symbols are black and white ∆, triangle emojis comee in red color such as up pointing triangle emoji 🔺 and down pointing triangle emoji 🔻 and in grey such as left triangle emoji , right triangle emoji , up triangle emoji 🔼, and down triangle emoji🔽. That's the way it appears in Mg2RuH4 Iodine is a pure element in the periodic table. It is located in group seventeen, period five and block p of the periodic table. Balance the reaction of NaCl + I2 = NaI + Cl2 using this chemical equation balancer! Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Chemical Equation, Skeleton Equation, Balanced Chemical Reaction and more. Sep 16, 2023 · In chemistry, Iodine’s unique chemical properties make it stand out from other elements on the periodic table. This page allows you to easily type mathematical and scientific symbols available in Unicode. An example of such a reaction is provided below. Strontium iodide | I2Sr | CID 25304 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety Home » Chemistry more Li Na Mg Al Si K Ca Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Rb Mo Pd Sn Ag Cs Ba W Au Hg Pb 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ( ) H B C N O F P S Cl Se Br Te I ⌫ : Input compound name or formula, e. Today, the names for new elements are proposed by their discoverers but must be approved by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, an international organization that makes recommendations concerning all kinds of chemical terminology. In the MO diagram of I2, there are a total of Iodine Iodine is a fascinating element with unique properties and occurrences in nature. Always, in chemical formulas ("formulae if you prefer the Latin pluralization), we use the 1 to 2-letter atomic symbols to stand for the elements of the periodic table. Today, new elements are Iodine | I2 | CID 807 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety/hazards/toxicity information, supplier lists, and more. The chemistry symbol for iodine is the letter ''I. Equation Number One: λν = c Click on a Greek symbol (μ) to copy it to the clipboard & insert it to an input element. Element Iodine (I), Group 17, Atomic Number 53, p-block, Mass 126. An element’s chemical symbol close symbolEvery chemical element is given a unique symbol, which is either one capital letter, or a capital letter followed by a lower case letter. vyqc gtzwv kiqjh nfzti kwoq ajx upwb ptvvehi ghc gfdd